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The Prophet of Allah, Ishmael, and his message to the Arabs: remnants of his religion in Mecca among the polytheists before Islam. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the one sent as a mercy to the worlds, our master, leader, beloved, guardian, and the apple of our eye, Muhammad ibn Abdillah, and upon his family and all his companions. To proceed: Who are the children of Ibrahim (AS)?

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Concerning Abraham, they mentioned that he had many children, more than seven children. It was said eight children for Abraham (AS), and Allah knows best, but the most well-known are Ishaq and Isma'il, the two sons of Ibrahim. And Ishaq, God willing, will be the subject of our talk when we begin with him, his son Ya'qub, and Yusuf, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all.

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As for Ishmael, Allah, Blessed and Exalted be He, mentioned him in His Mighty Book, and He, Glorified and Exalted be He, said... peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. To whom was he sent as a messenger? "Indeed, he was a messenger and a prophet." To whom was he sent? It is well known that he was sent to the Arabs.

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Isma'il was sent to the Arabs, and that is why it was reported in the accounts that when the Prophet ﷺ was sent among them, since the descendants of Ishaq, Isma'il's brother, were all messengers sent to the Children of Israel, whereas Isma'il was sent to the Arabs. And so, when the Prophet ﷺ was sent to the people of Mecca, he came to them while they still possessed remnants of the religion of Isma'il, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. They had the Hajj, performing pilgrimage and circumambulating the Kaaba, standing at Arafah and standing at Muzdalifah—even though Quraysh did not stand at Arafah, other Arabs did stand at Arafah— They would go to Mina, so they had Hajj, they had tawaf, and they had sa'y.

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They mixed this Hajj with polytheistic practices, placing an idol at al-Marwah and an idol at al-Safa. They placed idols inside the Kaaba, on top of it, and around it, and they used to perform tawaf around the House while singing, clapping, and whistling. “And their prayer at the House [i.e., the Kaʿbah] was not except whistling and handclapping. So taste the punishment for what you disbelieved [i.e., practiced of deviations].” (Quran 8:35) But the origin of Hajj existed with them; they knew that there was a Hajj, at Arafat, at Muzdalifah, with circumambulation, and striving. They knew these things, so they were upon the religion of Ishmael, prayers and peace of Allah be upon him.

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And for that reason, the Prophet the Prophet ﷺ mentioned that the first one who brought idols to Mecca was Amr ibn Luhay al-Khuza'i, when Khuza'ah ruled Mecca before Quraysh. When Khuza'ah was in Mecca before Quraysh, they were the ones who brought the idols. Amr ibn Luhay brought them from Jeddah; he brought them to Mecca, and then the Arabs worshipped them after that.

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And among the things that indicate that they were upon the religion of Ishmael are several matters, among which is that the Prophet ﷺ was a Hanif—he used to worship Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, in the cave of Hira, as is well-known and established. Worshipping upon what? Upon the religion of Ibrahim, upon the religion of Isma'il, prayers and peace of Allah be upon both of them. But he did not know the details of the Sharia, but he knew that there was a Lord, Glorified and Exalted is He, and that He must be worshipped, and that these idols must not be worshipped. This he knew; this fitrah called him to that. And for that reason, Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said: "And He found you lost and guided [you]." Lost concerning the details of the Sharia— because he was never a polytheist, never at all, prayers of Allah be upon him. he was never a polytheist at all, but he was unaware of the details of the Sharia and of knowing everything about the religion of Ishmael or the religion of Abraham, Ibrahim, prayers and peace of Allah be upon both of them.

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And therefore, when Aisha (RA) asked the Prophet ﷺ about Abdullah ibn Jad'an, one of her ancestors from Banu Taym— Abdullah ibn Jad'an used to honor the pilgrims when they came—she said, 'O Messenger of Allah, you know what Abdullah ibn Jad'an was like, will he have anything with Allah? Will that benefit him with Allah?' So the Prophet ﷺ said, 'He never said, even for a day, 'My Lord, forgive me my sin on the Day of Judgment,'" meaning it will not benefit him.

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And therefore, the Prophet ﷺ told the man who came to him and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, where is my father?' He said, 'Your father is in the Fire.' So the man turned away distressed—even though he was a disbeliever, meaning the father, but still, he was his father. So he turned away distressed, and the Prophet ﷺ called him back and said, 'My father and your father are in the Fire.' Do not grieve; I am the Prophet of Allah, and my father is in the Fire. Do not grieve, do not grieve over it. With Allah, there is no favoritism, Glory be to Him; the believer is in Paradise and the disbeliever is in the Fire. The matter is settled with Allah, the Almighty.

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The father of Abraham, Azar, when he disbelieved, he went to the Fire. With Allah, there is no favoritism, Glory be to Him. The wife of Lot, when she disbelieved, she went to the Fire. With Allah, there is no favoritism. The son of Noah, when he disbelieved, he went to the Fire. With Allah, there is no favoritism, Glory be to Him. So the Prophet ﷺ called him back and said, "My father and your father are in the Fire"—do not grieve. And when the Prophet ﷺ went out from Al-Madinah during the year of Al-Hudaybiyah, when he went out from Al-Madinah, peace and blessings be upon him, he passed by the grave of his mother, sat by it, and wept. So his companions asked him, "What makes you weep, O Messenger of Allah?" He said, "I asked permission of my Lord to visit the grave of my mother, and He permitted me;" "and I asked His permission to ask forgiveness for her, but He did not permit me to ask forgiveness for her." So the point is that the people of Makkah were required to follow the religion of Ishmael, the creed of Ishmael (AS), the Sharia of Ishmael, peace and blessings be upon him, but they disbelieved in it.

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And whoever remained upon the religion of Ishmael (AS), like Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl for example—Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl was a monotheist upon the religion of Ishmael (AS). Muhammad ﷺ was upon the religion of Ishmael (AS); he was a monotheist. So these people, nothing will harm them. Ishmael (AS) did not have any prophets among his descendants except one, and he is Muhammad ﷺ, the Seal of the Prophets and their master.

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What proves that Muhammad ﷺ is from the offspring of Ishmael (AS)? His own statement, peace and blessings be upon him, that he is from the offspring of Ishmael (AS): "Indeed, Allah chose Quraysh from the Arabs, and He chose Banu Hashim from Quraysh, and He chose me from Banu Hashim; so I am the best of the best of the best," peace and blessings be upon him.

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And Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, named Abraham as a father to him, saying, 'The religion of your father Abraham.' And this is by consensus, that the Prophet ﷺ is from the progeny of Ishmael. And the Arabs, as is well known, are Qahtan and Adnan. Adnan, by the consensus of the scholars, is from the children of Ishmael, but the discussion is regarding Qahtan: are they from the children of Ishmael, or are they not from the children of Ishmael? Meaning, from the original Arabs, from the people of Jurhum, from whom Ishmael married. The famous opinion is that Qahtan are not from the children of Ishmael, but rather, those who are from the children of Ishmael are Adnan, from whom is the Prophet ﷺ.

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And it was narrated in the hadith that the Prophet ﷺ came to the tribe of Banu Aslam and said to them: 'Shoot, O children of so-and-so, and I am with you, for indeed, your father Ishmael was an archer.' 'Shoot, O children of so-and-so, and I am with you, for indeed, your father Ishmael was an archer.' They were two teams, some shooting from here and others shooting from there, meaning a kind of game between them. So the Prophet ﷺ said to them, 'Shoot!' And the Prophet ﷺ stood with one of the two teams and said, 'Shoot, O children of so-and-so, for indeed, your father Ishmael was an archer, and I am with you.' So they began to shoot, while the other team remained silent, not shooting anything.

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So he said to them, 'Why are you not shooting?' They said, 'How can we shoot while you are with them?' This was out of respect for the Prophet ﷺ. They said, "We will not shoot. Since you are there, we will not shoot; we cannot shoot at you. We cannot." He said, "How can you shoot when I am with you?" So the Prophet ﷺ went out and said, "I am with all of you," may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. And Aslam, as the scholars mentioned, are from Khuza'ah, and Khuza'ah is from Qahtan.

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So how could he say, "Your father Ishmael (AS)," when they are not from the descendants of Ishmael (AS)? Most scholars are of the opinion that he only called them that because Ishmael (AS) was their father from the maternal side—meaning he was their maternal grandfather, that he is their grandfather through their mother, just as it is said of the children of Fatimah (RA) that they are the children of the Prophet ﷺ: Al-Hasan, Al-Husayn, and their descendants (RA). These are called the children of the Prophet ﷺ, though they are actually the children of Ali (RA); but they are called the children of the Prophet ﷺ in relation to their mother, Fatimah (RA).

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Now, we said Ishmael (AS) is the ancestor of the Prophet ﷺ. Here, this is in the Torah that exists today, and this is in chapter— in the Book of Isaiah, chapter zero-forty-two. It says: here, that the Lord says: 'Let the wilderness...'—this is a foretelling about the Prophet ﷺ in 'Let the wilderness and its cities lift up their voice, the villages that Kedar inhabits.' Who is Kedar? Look here at who Kedar is.

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He said, in the Book of Genesis, chapter twenty-five, it says: 'These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations.' Then he mentioned them, saying: 'Nebajoth, the firstborn of Ishmael' (meaning the eldest), 'and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,' and he mentioned the rest of the names. So, Kedar is from the offspring of Ishmael in their book. They are reporting here from Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, that He said: 'and the villages that Kedar inhabits.' Then He said: 'Let the inhabitants of Sela sing.' Sela is well-known as Mount Sila', which is where? In Madinah.

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It says: 'Let the inhabitants of Sela sing, let them shout from the top of the mountains. Let them give glory unto the Lord, and declare His praise in the islands.' 'Islands' means the isles, and this refers to the Hajj. And here they say about the Lord, Blessed be He, that He said: 'I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not; I will lead them in paths that they have not known. I will make darkness light before them, and crooked things straight.' 'These things will I do unto them, and not forsake them. They shall be turned back, they shall be greatly ashamed, that trust in graven images, that say to the molten images, Ye are our gods.' Who are these? The disbelievers of Makkah, as reported here.

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Then he says: 'The Lord is well pleased for His righteousness' sake; He will magnify the law, and make it honorable.' 'But this is a people robbed and spoiled; they are all of them snared in holes, and they are hid in prison houses' (this is how it is written), 'they are for a prey, and none delivereth; for a spoil, and none saith, Restore.' This was the state of the Arabs before Islam, when they were weak and divided. So here, they are saying that the Lord is foretelling a man from the offspring of Kedar in Sela.

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This is the glad tidings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, because there is no one from the descendants of Kedar, from the descendants of Ishmael (AS), except Muhammad ﷺ. And this is the glad tidings of the Prophet ﷺ in their books. And Allah ﷻ knows best. May Allah send peace, blessings, and honor upon our Prophet Muhammad, our Prophet Muhammad.